The Use Of Corticosteroids In Dogs

The administration of corticosteroid drugs in dogs is recommended for various chronic pathologies and certain metabolic deficiencies. However, its curative efficiency is the subject of much controversy due to its side effects on the body.

Next, we will see more about corticosteroid medications, their risks and health benefits from our best friends.

What are corticosteroids?

Belonging to the group of hormones called steroids , the body of humans and dogs naturally releases moderate doses of certain corticosteroids, such as cortisol (hydrocortisone) and corticosterone. These hormones are produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands, which explains their names.

The organic function of corticosteroids is associated with the control of stress or anxiety situations. In these cases, small doses are secreted into the bloodstream to generate a rapid response.

However, its pharmacological use is due to its powerful anti-inflammatory action. Corticosteroids prevent the accumulation of inflammatory cells in the affected areas, thus reversing the symptoms.

Use of corticosteroids in dogs: in which diseases are they applied?

Corticosteroids can be prescribed by mouth (pills), topical application (ointments and creams), inhalations, and injections. The form of application should be that recommended by the veterinarian, and depends on what disease you want to treat.

Its administration tries to contain the inflammatory process and alleviate the acute symptoms generated by the following conditions:

• Allergies and dermatological inflammations.
• Metabolic disorders, such as adrenocortical insufficiency.
• Rheumatic diseases.
• Allergies and respiratory diseases.
• Allergic conjunctivitis.
• Nephrotic (kidney) syndrome.
• Autoimmune diseases, like Addison and Crohn.
• Organ transplants.
• Tendinitis and inflammatory muscle injuries.
• Palliative treatments for malignant neoplasms.

Why is the use of corticosteroids in dogs controversial?

In principle it generates controversy because they are not able to treat the true cause of inflammation. That is, its effect is palliative, so it only temporarily alleviates the symptoms.

Since they do not establish criteria for their action, they inhibit the immune function of lymphocytes and macrophages in inflamed regions. For this reason, they usually have immunosuppressive effects that damage the body and leave the animal vulnerable to other conditions.

In fact, they can have the opposite effect than desired, since they even  prevent the dilation of blood vessels and the release of enzymes, which are precisely crucial to naturally mediate inflammation.

Mild Side Effects of Using Corticosteroids in Dogs

In moderate doses for short treatments,  corticosteroids can generate the following reactions:

• Increased thirst and appetite.
• Tendency to be overweight.
• Accumulation of fluids and swelling in different regions of the body.
• Behavioral disorders: anxiety, sleep disorders, etc.
• Tachycardia and heart rhythm irregularities.
• Humor changes.
• Slow healing

Chronic side effects of steroid use in dogs

Serious side effects have also been reported from long-term use of corticosteroid medications in dogs. The damage can become chronic, which will affect the animal throughout its life, as it will require permanent treatment.

Corticosteroids reduce the production and release of gastric mucus, which is why they eliminate the main protective layer of the stomach walls. On the other hand, they increase the secretion of hydrochloric acid, which favors the appearance of gastritis and ulcers.

Many pets have developed calcium fixation problems, which has made their bones more vulnerable to degenerative diseases such as dysplasia and osteoarthritis. They were also more prone to fractures and trauma due to the wear and tear of their bone mass.

Furthermore, different metabolic alterations have been found in animals subjected to high doses of corticosteroids. This includes the imbalance in the levels of vitamins and minerals, as well as in hormonal production.

Corticosteroids also interfere with the metabolization of carbohydrates ingested daily in the diet. As a consequence, the dog can become hyperglycemic and develop diabetes.

Other side effects of corticosteroid treatment

• Generalized edema as a result of the excessive accumulation of fluids in the abdominal cavity.
• Wear and tear of cardiac structures and increased risk of myocardial infarction.
• Increased pressure in the eyeball,  which favors the development of cataracts and glaucoma.
• Severe symptoms of immunosuppression.
• Arterial hypertension.

Corticosteroids in dogs: contraindications

The use of corticosteroids in dogs diagnosed with gastritis (or ulcer), diabetes, heart disease and infections is contraindicated. And it is that the immunosuppressive effects could lead the animal to die quickly.